Plug-in solar laws in all 50 states

10 states have signed laws that let you plug a small solar kit into a wall outlet without a utility interconnection agreement. Most cap it at 1,200 W. Bills were filed in 25 other states and DC in 2026.

Checked October 29, 2026 against statutes, bill records and agency pages. Every state page lists its sources.

Laws and bills awaiting signature

State	Status	Effective	Size limit	Utility notice	Avg. price	Payback*
Utah HB 340	Law in effect	May 7, 2025	1,200 W	None	13.2¢	6.7 yr
Maryland HB 1532	Law in effect	In force; the PSC lists utility notification contacts	1,200 W	Notice before installing	21.3¢	4.9 yr
Vermont S.202, Act 149 of 2026	Law in effect	July 1, 2026	1,200 W	None	23.9¢	4.5 yr
Maine LD 1730	Law in effect	July 29, 2026	1,200 W	Only above 420 W	30.2¢	3.6 yr
Colorado HB26-1007, Improve Customer Use Distributed Energy Resources	Law in effect	August 12, 2026; additional provisions January 1, 2027	1,920 W	Utility may require notice	16.8¢	5.1 yr
Connecticut HB 5340, Public Act 26-127	Law in effect	October 1, 2026	1,200 W	None	27.5¢	3.8 yr
California SB 868, Plug and Play Solar Act	Signed, not yet in effect	January 1, 2027	1,200 W	Online registration may be required	32.6¢	2.7 yr
New Hampshire SB 540	Signed, not yet in effect	Partly January 1, 2027; use waits on a recognized safety standard	1,200 W	Optional record	26.9¢	3.9 yr
Virginia HB 395 / SB 250	Signed, not yet in effect	January 1, 2027	1,200 W	Form before installing	16.9¢	6.2 yr
New Jersey Garden State Balcony Solar Act, S2368 / A4836	Signed, not yet in effect	March 1, 2027	1,200 W	None	24.1¢	4.4 yr
New York SUNNY Act	Passed, awaiting governor	Would take effect 90 days after signing	1,200 W	Online form (if signed)	29.3¢	3.5 yr

Bills still pending

These legislatures are still in session or have not finished with the bill.

District of Columbia

B26-0602: Introduced in the 26th Council; a public hearing was held March 26, 2026.

Details and savings

Illinois

SB 3104: Approved 9–4 by the Senate Energy and Public Utilities Committee on March 12, 2026, then stalled.

Details and savings

Massachusetts

H.5175: The House text defines a “portable solar generation device” of up to 1,200 W that plugs into a standard 120 V outlet (Section 19).

Details and savings

Michigan

HB 5764: Introduced March 19, 2026 by Rep.

Details and savings

North Carolina

H 1129: Referred to the House Committee on Rules, Calendar, and Operations on April 30, 2026.

Details and savings

Ohio

HB 755: Introduced by Reps.

Details and savings

Pennsylvania

HB 1971: Introduced with 31 sponsors and referred to the House Energy Committee on October 28, 2025.

Details and savings

All other states

No plug-in solar law. Your utility's interconnection rules apply. Bills that died in 2026 are summarized on each page.

Alabama No 2026 bill found 16.5¢/kWh average price
Alaska HB 257 did not pass 27.3¢/kWh average price
Arizona HB 2843, SB 1606 did not pass 15.4¢/kWh average price
Arkansas No 2026 bill found 13.7¢/kWh average price
Delaware SB 270 did not pass 18.0¢/kWh average price
Florida No 2026 bill found 15.3¢/kWh average price
Georgia HB 1304 did not pass 15.5¢/kWh average price
Hawaii SB 2902 did not pass 46.4¢/kWh average price
Idaho HB 612 did not pass 13.0¢/kWh average price
Indiana SB 74 did not pass 17.0¢/kWh average price
Iowa HF 2046 did not pass 14.6¢/kWh average price
Kansas No 2026 bill found 15.3¢/kWh average price
Kentucky No 2026 bill found 14.2¢/kWh average price
Louisiana No 2026 bill found 13.3¢/kWh average price
Minnesota HF 3555 did not pass 16.4¢/kWh average price
Mississippi No 2026 bill found 15.1¢/kWh average price
Missouri HB 2528 did not pass 14.3¢/kWh average price
Montana No 2026 bill found 14.1¢/kWh average price
Nebraska No 2026 bill found 12.9¢/kWh average price
Nevada No 2026 bill found 13.4¢/kWh average price
New Mexico SB 157 did not pass 15.3¢/kWh average price
North Dakota No 2026 bill found 12.5¢/kWh average price
Oklahoma HB 4060 did not pass 13.8¢/kWh average price
Oregon HB 4080 did not pass 15.5¢/kWh average price
Rhode Island H 7269 Sub A did not pass 29.1¢/kWh average price
South Carolina H 4579 did not pass 15.9¢/kWh average price
South Dakota No 2026 bill found 14.6¢/kWh average price
Tennessee No 2026 bill found 13.8¢/kWh average price
Texas No 2026 bill found 16.0¢/kWh average price
Washington HB 2296 did not pass 14.4¢/kWh average price
West Virginia HB 5648 did not pass 15.6¢/kWh average price
Wisconsin No 2026 bill found 19.1¢/kWh average price
Wyoming HB 146 did not pass 14.0¢/kWh average price

In Congress: Socket Full of Sunshine Act (H.R. 10851). Introduced in Congress on October 19, 2026 by Rep. Rob Menendez (D-N.J.). It would remove utility approval and fees for plug-in systems up to 1.2 kW nationwide, give state regulators two years to set a standard, bar landlords from blocking tenants with some exceptions, and fund state rebates of up to $1,000 for low- and middle-income households. Source.

Where a kit pays back fastest

Scenario: two 400 W panels on an 800 W microinverter, hanging vertically on a south-facing railing with open sky, a 300 W constant daytime load, a $700 kit, and each state's average 2026 residential price (EIA). Green bars mark states with signed plug-in solar laws, including those not yet in effect. Facing and shade affect the hourly production and self-use. Run your own numbers.

*Payback for an 800 W kit hanging on a south-facing railing, $700, at each state's average 2026 residential price from EIA.